View source for Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States/Cannabis testing instruments, software, and equipment/Vendors: Q through Z

==4.3 Vendors: Q through Z==
===4.3.1 Quantum Analytics, LLC===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.lqa.com/industry/food-agriculture/

Quantum Analytics is a distributor of laboratory analytical instruments. The company markets several of its third-party instruments to cannabis laboratories for applications such as<ref name="QACanna">{{cite web |url=https://www.lqa.com/industry/food-agriculture/ |title=Food & agriculture |publisher=Quantum Analytics, LLC |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* potency and efficacy testing
* heavy metals testing
* mycotoxins analysis
* pesticide testing
* residual solvents testing
* terpene testing

Consult their website or [https://go.pardot.com/l/379542/2017-08-03/4454i/379542/5875/LQA_Cannabis_Capabilities_Flyer_web.pdf cannabis capabilities] flyer for more information.


===4.3.2 Restek Corporation===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.restek.com/en/industries-and-applications/botanicals/cannabis/

Restek Corporation develops and manufactures chromatography columns and accessories for a wide variety of industries. The company offers a wide variety of supplies for the cannabis testing industry, including<ref name="RestekCanna">{{cite web |url=https://www.restek.com/en/industries-and-applications/botanicals/cannabis/ |title=Cannabis Application Area |publisher=Restek Corporation |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* chromatography columns
* certified reference standards
* sample preparation and management supplies
* consumables and accessories for chromatography instruments

Consult their website or [https://www.restek.com/globalassets/pdfs/literature/ffss2073f-unv.pdf?term=cannabis catalog] to review all their cannabis testing supplies.


===4.3.3 Sage Analytics===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://sageanalytics.com/

Sage Analytics develops and manufactures potency testing solutions for the cannabis testing industry. 

====Instruments and methods====

* [https://sageanalytics.com/products/ Profiler II Humboldt Special Edition]: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency
* [https://sageanalytics.com/products/ ToxDetective]: uses "nano-manipulation technology to orient or encapsulate biomolecules such as proteins/enzymes at the nano scale," which are then applied to a lateral flow assay<ref name="ToxDetPDF">{{cite web |url=https://toxdetective.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ToxD_bro_lo_32520.pdf |format=PDF |title=Introducing the ToxDetective |publisher=Sage Analytics |date=March 2020 |accessdate=10 January 2021}}</ref>
* [https://sageanalytics.com/products/ Beacon]: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency, with an onboard touchscreen; also comes without a touchscreen, marketed as the Luminary Profiler


===4.3.4 Scientific Equipment Source, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://se-source.com/industries/cannabis-and-hemp-testing/

Scientific Equipment Source, Inc. describes itself as a "one-stop-shop for your laboratory instrumentation requirements be it new or used laboratory equipment or process equipment." The Canadian company has a cannabis processing and testing section detailing all of its new, used, and refurbished options, from biomass handling and batch extraction to cannabis distillation and testing. See the website for more details.


===4.3.5 Scientific Repair, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.srigc.com

Commonly known as SRI Instruments, Scientific Repair, Inc. manufactures and distributes chromatography instruments and accessories. The company's solutions focus on:

* potency and efficacy testing
* residual solvents testing
* terpene testing

====Instruments and methods====
The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.

'''Potency and efficacy testing'''

* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-310-cannabis-and-hemp-gc-system Model 310C-MM]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses
* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-420-gc Model 420 GC]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument
* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-8610c-gas-chromatograph Model 8610C]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses

'''Residual solvents testing'''

* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-310-cannabis-and-hemp-gc-system Model 310C-MM]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses
* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-8610c-gas-chromatograph Model 8610C]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses

'''Terpene testing'''

* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-310-cannabis-and-hemp-gc-system Model 310C-MM]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses
* [https://www.srigc.com/home/product_detail/model-8610c-gas-chromatograph Model 8610C]: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses

====Software====

* [https://www.srigc.com/pages/software_downloads/ PeakSimple]: chromatography software for SRI's chromatography instruments


===4.3.6 Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/industries/cannabis-testing-solutions/index.html

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. is a multi-divisional corporation that focuses on creating and distributing medical diagnostic, aerospace, and analytical instrument solutions for a variety of industries. Among their solutions are chromatography, spectrometry, and other cannabis testing solutions for laboratories for purposes of<ref name="ShimadzuCanna">{{cite web |url=https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/industries/cannabis-testing-solutions/index.html |title=Cannabis and Hemp Testing Solutions |publisher=Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* potency and efficacy testing
* heavy metals testing
* moisture content analysis
* mycotoxins analysis
* pesticide testing
* residual solvents testing
* terpene testing

====Instruments and methods====
The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur, via their [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/sites/ssi.shimadzu.com/files/pim/pim_document_file/ssi/others/14722/Cannabis-Brochure.pdf cannabis testing brochure]. Additionally, they offer two advanced tools for research:

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatography/sfc/nexera-uc/index.html Nexera UC]: a supercritical fluid extraction and supercriticial fluid chromatography liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/industries/environment/maldi-id-plus/index.html MALDI iD-Plus]: a microbial identification system

'''Potency and efficacy testing'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatography/hplc-system/cannabis-analyzer-for-potency/index.html Cannabis Analyzer for Potency]: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with three methods: high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution
* [https://www.shimadzu.com/an/products/liquid-chromatography/hplcuhplc/i-series/index.html LC-2050C 3D]: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with a photodiode array detector
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatography/sfc/nexera-uc/index.html Nexera UC]: supercritical fluid chromatography system

'''Heavy metals testing'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/elemental-analysis/icp-ms/icpms-2030/index.html ICPMS-2030]: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy instrument

'''Moisture content analysis'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/balances/moisture-analyzer/moc63u/index.html MOC63u Moisture Balance]: a moisture balance with five preset measurement programs
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/balances/moisture-analyzer/moc-120h/index.html MOC-120H Moisture Balance]: a moisture balance with nine preset measurement programs

'''Mycotoxins analysis'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-lc-msms/lcms-8050/index.html LCMS-8050] or [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-lc-msms/lcms-8060/index.html LCMS-8060]: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument

'''Pesticide testing'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-gc-msms/gcms-tq8050-nx/index.html GCMS-TQ8050 NX]: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/gc-ms-components-accessories/aoc-6000-plus/index.html AOC-6000 Plus] or [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/gc-ms-components-accessories/aoc-20iaoc-20s/index.html AOC-20i] headspace autosamplers
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-lc-msms/lcms-8050/index.html LCMS-8050] or [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/liquid-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-lc-msms/lcms-8060/index.html LCMS-8060]: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument

'''Residual solvents testing'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-gc-msms/gcms-tq8050-nx/index.html GCMS-TQ8050 NX]: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/gc-ms-components-accessories/aoc-6000-plus/index.html AOC-6000 Plus] or [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/gc-ms-components-accessories/aoc-20iaoc-20s/index.html AOC-20i] headspace autosamplers
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatography/gas-chromatograph/nexis-gc-2030/index.html Nexis GC-2030]: a gas chromatography instrument paired with the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatography/gc-accessories-components/hs-20-nx-series/index.html HS-20 NX] headspace sampler

'''Terpene testing'''

* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/triple-quadrupole-gc-msms/gcms-tq8050-nx/index.html GCMS-TQ8050 NX]: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatography/gc-accessories-components/hs-20-nx-series/index.html HS-20 NX] headspace sampler and NIST Mass Spectral Library
* [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/single-quadrupole-gc-ms/gcms-qp2020-nx/index.html GCMS-QP2020 NX]: a single-quad gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer that can be paired with the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatography/gc-accessories-components/hs-20-nx-series/index.html HS-20 NX] headspace sampler or the [https://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry/gc-ms-components-accessories/aoc-6000-plus/index.html AOC-6000 Plus]] autosampler

====Software====

* [https://www.shimadzu.com/an/products/software-informatics/index.html LabSolutions]: a suite of software tools that allows users to control instruments and view instrument data, and it can create and export files (spreadsheets) of instrument data that can be mapped to a database in an interfaced laboratory information management system (LIMS)


===4.3.7 Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. / MilliporeSigma, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/applications/environmental-testing-and-industrial-hygiene/cannabis-testing

''Note'': Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. was acquired by Millipore and became MilliporeSigma, Inc. The Sigma-Aldritch website is still active and demonstrates its cannabis testing materials; however, the website will likely change in the future.

Sigma-Aldritch, Inc., which has become MilliporeSigma, Inc., distributes lab materials and technologies for various industries. This includes the cannabis testing industry, with supplies like<ref name="SACCannPDF">{{cite web |url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma-Aldrich/General_Information/1/cannabis-testing.pdf |format=PDF |title=Cannabis Testing: Quality You Can Trust |publisher=Sigma-Aldritch, Inc |date=March 2017 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* chromatography columns
* certified reference materials
* solvents and reagents
* sample preparations kits
* laboratory equipment

See their [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma-Aldrich/General_Information/1/cannabis-testing.pdf cannabis testing catalog] for more details.


===4.3.8 SPEX CertiPrep, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.spex.com/Product/OrganicCertifiedReferenceMaterials

SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. is a distributor of certified reference materials and sample preparation equipment for analytical spectroscopy. The company markets standards for many types of cannabis testing, as well a few sample preparation instruments such as mills and grinders. Consult their website for available supplies, as well as their [https://www.spex.com/getmedia/ebc7beef-1193-453e-954d-8c3029aff0c5/Organic-Product-Catalog-2020_1.pdf?ext=.pdf online standards catalog].


===4.3.9 ST2 Service Technologies, Inc.===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://mjtestequipment.com

ST2 Service Technologies, Inc.—doing business as Analytical Instrument Management or AIM—"provides tools, instrumentation, education and support to several full-panel [cannabis] testing labs operating around the US, along with extractors, manufacturers, and cultivators."<ref name="AIMAbout">{{cite web |url=https://mjtestequipment.com/about.htm |title=About Analytical Instrument Management |publisher=ST2 Service Technologies, Inc |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref> The company provides new, used, and refurbished analytical instruments for cannabis and other testing laboratories. Consult their online catalog for available options.


===4.3.10 Thermo Fisher Scientific===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/products-and-services/promotions/industrial/cannabis-testing-canada.html

Thermo Fisher Scientific is a multi-divisional corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of technologies for research and analytical laboratories. The company markets cannabis testing solutions to the Canadian market. Among its offerings are solutions for<ref name="TFCannaCan">{{cite web |url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/products-and-services/promotions/industrial/cannabis-testing-canada.html |title=Cannabis Testing in Canada |publisher=Thermo Fisher Scientific |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* potency and efficacy testing
* heavy metals testing
* mold and bacteria analysis
* mycotoxins analysis
* pesticide testing
* residual solvents testing

Aside from instruments, Thermo Fisher also lists a variety of chromatography columns and sample preparation kits for each type of testing. Consult the website for more on these items.

====Instruments and methods====
The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.<ref name="TFCannaCan" />

'''Potency and efficacy testing'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems.html Vanquish UHPLC Systems]: numerous ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems]: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ03-10002 TSQ Altis] and [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ02-10001 TSQ Quantis]: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR Q Exactive Hybrid]: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has "quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection"
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/gas-chromatography-gc/gc-systems.html TRACE 1600]: a gas chromatography / gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/ISQ7610-AEI ISQ 7610]: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/BRE725540 Orbitrap Exploris GC]: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/BRE725537 Orbitrap Exploris GC 240]: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology

'''Heavy metals testing'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/trace-elemental-analysis/inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectrometry-icp-oes.html iCAP Pro Series ICP-OES]: a series of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms/single-quadrupole-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-sq-icp-ms.html iCAP RQ ICP-MS]: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with single quadrupole
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms/triple-quadrupole-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-tq-icp-ms.html iCAP TQ ICP-MS]: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole

'''Mold and bacteria analysis'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A36320 QuantStudio 5 Food Safety Real-Time PCR System]: a polymerase chain reaction instrument
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/pcr/real-time-pcr/real-time-pcr-instruments.html Applied Biosystems PCR devices]: other polymerase chain reaction instruments that vary based on need

'''Mycotoxins analysis'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems.html Vanquish UHPLC Systems]: numerous ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems]: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ03-10002 TSQ Altis] and [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ02-10001 TSQ Quantis]: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR Q Exactive Hybrid]: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has "quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection"

'''Pesticide testing'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems.html Vanquish UHPLC Systems]: numerous ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-systems/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems]: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ03-10002 TSQ Altis] and [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ02-10001 TSQ Quantis]: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR Q Exactive Hybrid]: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has "quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection"
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ9610-NV-AEI TSQ 9610]: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/BRE725531 Orbitrap Exploris 120]: mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/BRE725537 Orbitrap Exploris GC 240]: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology

'''Residual solvents testing'''

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/gas-chromatography-gc/gc-systems.html TRACE 1600]: a gas chromatography / gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/MI-25118100 TriPlus 500]: a headspace autosampler for gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/1R77010-2001 TriPlus RSH]: an autosampler for headspace and/or liquid injection with gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/ISQ7610-AEI ISQ 7610]: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/TSQ9610-NV-AEI TSQ 9610]: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole

====Software====

* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/chromatography-data-systems-cds.html Chromeleon]: a chromatography data system
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms/lc-ms-software/lc-ms-data-acquisition-software/tracefinder-software.html TraceFinder]: workflow management, quantitation, and data analysis software
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms/lc-ms-software/multi-omics-data-analysis/compound-discoverer-software.html Compound Discoverer]: software for small molecule data analysis
* [https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAGGACBFAOVMBIO Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution]: control and data processing software for a range of elemental and isotopic analysis tech


===4.3.11 VICAM===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.vicam.com/markets/botanicals

VICAM, a subsidiary of Waters Corporation, develops and distribute mycotoxin testing supplies. While the company makes no mention of cannabis testing on its website, it does offer mycotoxin testing solutions for botanical products, primarily testing for<ref name="VICAMBotan">{{cite web |url=https://www.vicam.com/markets/botanicals |title=Botanicals |publisher=VICAM |accessdate=10 January 2021}}</ref>:

* Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2
* Bisphenol A
* Citrinin
* Deoxynivalenol
* Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3
* Ochratoxin A
* T-2/HT-2
* Zearalenone


===4.3.12 Waters Corporation===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions/nav.htm?cid=135005280

Waters Corporation specialty measurement instruments for laboratories from a wide array of industries. The company details that its instruments can handle cannabis testing activities such as<ref name="WatersCannaHome">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions/nav.htm?cid=135005280 |title=Cannabis and Hemp Testing Solutions |publisher=Waters Corporation |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="WatersBuild18">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720006394en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Building Laboratory Capacity to Ensure Cannabis Safety, Quality, and Efficacy |publisher=Waters Corporation |date=August 2018 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="TranDeterm18">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720006373en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Determination of the Oregon Pesticide List in Cannabis Using a Simple Extraction Procedure with dSPE Cleanup and UPLC-MS/MS |author=Tran, K.; Twohig, M; Young, M. et al. |publisher=Waters Corporation |date=September 2018 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="AubinSeparation18">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720006426en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Separation of 16 Cannabinoids in Cannabis Flower and Extracts Using a Reversed-Phase Isocratic HPLC Method |author=Aubin, A.J.; Layton, C.; Helmueller, S. |publisher=Waters Corporation |date=November 2018 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="WatersMass17">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720006047en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Mass Confirmation of Cannabinoids in ''Cannabis sativa'' by Using HPTLC-QDa |publisher=Waters Corporation |date=July 2017 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="GottardiUsing18">{{cite web |url=https://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720006363en.pdf |format=PDF |title=Using UPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Carboxy-THC (cTHC) in Hair for Forensic Toxicology |author=Gottardi, M.; Ferron, F.; Lee, R. et al. |publisher=Waters Corporation |date=September 2018 |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref>:

* potency and efficacy testing
* mycotoxins
* pesticide testing

====Instruments and methods====
Waters instrument options are based on what equipment was used for specific testing as indicated in its white papers, as well as what's suggested on their cannabis landing page. Additionally, Waters offers an extraction system for botanical matrices:

* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/For-SFE-extraction-and-CO2-extraction/nav.htm?cid=134826287&locale=en_US SFE Bio-Botanical Extraction System]

'''Potency and efficacy testing'''

* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/ACQUITY-QDa-Mass-Detector-for-Chromatographic-Analysis/nav.htm?cid=134761404&locale=en_US ACQUITY QDa Mass Detector]: a mass detector that can bused in conjunction with UPLC, UPC<sup>2</sup>, and Alliance HPLC systems (see below) for mass confirmation of cannabinoids
* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/UPLC-UHPLC-systems-and-detectors-for-sub-2-micron-separations/nav.htm?cid=10125009 ACQUITY UPLC Systems]: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography suite of systems, including the H-, I, and M-Class systems
* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/ACQUITY-UPC2-System/nav.htm?cid=134658367&locale=en_US ACQUITY UPC<sup>2</sup> System]: an ultra-high-performance convergence chromatography system that uses CO<sub>2</sub> as a primary mobile phase component
* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Alliance-HPLC-System/nav.htm?cid=534293&locale=en_US Alliance HPLC System]: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument, with integrated solvent and sample management

'''Mycotoxins'''

* [https://www.vicam.com/category/aflatoxin-testing-solutions Vicam aflatoxin testing solutions]: simple and rapid aflatoxin test kits
* [https://www.vicam.com/category/fluorometer Vicam Series-4EX Fluorometer]: a platform for measuring total mycotoxin levels without HPLC or UPLC
* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Xevo-TQ-S-micro-Triple-Quadrupole-Mass-Spectrometry/nav.htm?cid=134798856&locale=en_US Xevo TQ-S micro]: tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole, presumably with an LC system

'''Pesticide testing'''

* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Xevo-TQ-S-micro-Triple-Quadrupole-Mass-Spectrometry/nav.htm?cid=134798856&locale=en_US Xevo TQ-S micro] with an [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/UPLC-UHPLC-systems-and-detectors-for-sub-2-micron-separations/nav.htm?cid=10125009 ACQUITY UPLC] system : an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole
* [https://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Xevo-TQ-GC-electron-ionization-triple-quadrupole-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry/nav.htm?cid=134977323&locale=en_US Xevo TQ-GC]: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole


===4.3.13 Willow Industries, LLC===
'''Main landing page for cannabis and hemp testing''': https://willowindustries.com/

Willow Industries, LLC is a Colorado-based cannabis decontamination technology business and consultancy. The company produces the WillowPure, a device that allows users to reduce the microbial contamination levels of cannabis. The device comes in versions that support up to 10 to 40 pounds throughput.<ref name="WPWillowPure">{{cite web |url=https://willowindustries.com/willowpure-systems/ |title=The Organic Cannabis Kill Step |publisher=Willow Industries, LLC |accessdate=08 July 2022}}</ref> Consult the website for more details.